Development of Avionics Infotainment System
Turn & Bank Indicator
In aviation the Turn and slip indicator has a turn indicator to show the rate of the turn while the slip indicator shows whether a turn is coordinated or where an aircraft is slipping or sliding during a turn. It consists of two independent mechanisms. The slip indicator is the simpler one and consists of a curved glass tube filled with a damping liquid in which a small steel ball rolls, when the aircraft is horizontal, the ball will be at the lower part of the tube and as the aircraft banks, gravity holds the ball at the lower part causing it to move from one side to another. The turn indicator contains a gyroscope that develops a torque when the aircraft rotates; this torque will then control a pointer that indicates to the pilot in degrees per unit of time the rate at which the aircraft is turning at.
Principle Of Turn Indicator
Uses single axis rate gyroscope. As the aircraft turns, the rotor is subjected to a force F. the direction of precession (P) is moved 90 degrees ahead in direction of the rotor spin, causing the rotor to tilt about the YY1 and causing the spring to be extended. Equilibrium occurs when the spring has equal force when compared with the turning force. Precession is proportional to the rate of turn. No erection will be required however; the rotor speed has to be kept constant at 4,000 – 5,000 rpm. When the speed is too slow, the precession will be lesser than normal resulting in an under reading.
The Turn Coordinator detects a turn in 2 axes, which is based on the gimbal rotation and the gyro rotation. The Gimbal frame is angled at 30 degrees from the vertical axis. During a turn the initial rate of banking will be shown and once it stabilizes, the rate of the turn will be shown.